Mars
From the The Gundam Wiki, the ultimate guide to Gundam
Mars is the fourth planet in the Solar System and mentioned frequently throughout Gundam. Although the planet doesn't play an important role in any Gundam animation, the mangas use the Mars or people from it for several storylines or events.
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Universal Century
The red planet is mentioned in the manga Gundam F90, where it is revealed that the planet became home to some refugees from the Principality of Zeon after its defeat in the One Year War. These refuges settled at Olympus Mons, where they established a base to repair their ships and Mobile Suits. In UC 111 it became known, that these Mars Zeon (also called Oldsmobile Army due to their use of outdated mobile suits) had converted Olympus Mons into a giant cannon which they planned to use to attack Earth. As a result the so-called Mars Autonomous Squadron was sent there to defeat the Mars Zeon, a task which they were able to complete.
After Colony
In AC 196, after the uprising of the Mariemaia Army, Zechs Merquise and Lucrezia Noin both leave the Preventers to help in the terraforming of Mars,
Cosmic Era
In the Cosmic Era timeline, Mars became a save haven for both Naturals and Coordinators, who decided to escape the conflict at the Earth Sphere. Over time several colonies were established around Mars, among them the Australis colony, where its inhabitants were genetically altered to fulfill certain roles in society. Mars plays the biggest role in the manga series Gundam SEED C.E. 73 Δ Astray, which stares the crew of the Mars ship Acidalium who travelled to the Earth Sphere. There its crewmembers Ergnes Brahe and Nahe Herschel meet up with representatives of the various governments and try to get information about the situation and possible threats to Mars. In this series it is revealed, that Mars has trading relationships with Earth but keeps it a secret, that on Mars a rare metal exists which is important for the production of Neutron Jammer Cancellers.
